NASA — It is a well established fact in the literature, that a force, or thrust, is generated by capacitor charged to a high potential [the Biefeld-Brown effect]. […] Although there are different theories regarding the basis of this phenomenon, there is no dispute that a force, or thrust, is generated by capacitors under such high voltages. However, the thrust generated by such high potential capacitors has been minimal and thus this phenomenon has had very limited practical utility:
The Biefeld-Brown Effect and the Global Electric Circuit
A comparison of the measured Biefeld-Brown effect and the measured global circuit electric field shows several parallels. Both exhibit diurnal variations, and both show a dependence on thunderstorm activity. Based on an analysis of experimental data taken on the Biefeld-Brown effect, a case is made for describing this effect as a secondary electrostatic effect related to the global electric field. It is concluded that the Biefeld-Brown effect is a real effect:
Contrary to the popular scientific opinion, the Biefeld-Brown effect has been experimentally confirmed many times, also in high vacuum:
- https://arxiv.org/ftp/physics/papers/0211/0211001.pdf
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGN65lse5yE
- http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4890353
- https://arxiv.org/vc/physics/papers/0211/0211001v1.pdf
- US Air Force twenty first century propulsion concepts
- http://www.chercheursduvrai.tk/propulsion-a-antigravite/
The Abraham force constitutes the physical basis for explaining the Biefeld-Brown effect.
” Our programme of measurement of forces related to electromagnetic momentum at low frequencies in matter has culminated in the first direct observation of free electromagnetic angular momentum created by quasistatic and independent electromagnetic fields E and B in the vacuum gap of a cylindrical (asymmetric) capacitor. A resonant suspension is used to detect its motion. The observed changes in angular momentum agree with the classical theory. This implies that the quantum vacuum is the seat of something in motion whenever static fields are set up with non-vanishing Poynting vector, as Maxwell and Poynting foresaw.
HONDA R&D Institute
” From the 1st of Feb. till the 1st of March in 1996, the research group of the HONDA R&D Institute conducted experiments to verify the Biefeld-Brown effect with an improved experimental device to reject the influence of corona discharges and electric wind around the capacitor by setting the capacitor in the insulator oil contained within a metallic vessel. They found that the weight loss by an alternate electric field, i.e. the dynamical effect, was greater than by the static one:
- https://quantumantigravity.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/bb-zpe-musha.pdf
- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/benjamin-t-solomon/hondas-gravity-modification-research_b_7531260.html
Search for the Effects of Inhomogenous Electric Fields on Gravitation
The effect of inhomogenous electric fields (i.e. an inhomogeneous electric charge density distribution) on the weight of test masses is being investigated. Inhomogenous field is produced by applying dc bias between a horizontal flat electrode and the tip of a conical bottom electrode of an electrostatic capacitor. The equipotentials and the electric field distribution has been numerically calculated using “MATLAB” software. The test masses are gold-coated metal spheres, electrically isolated and suspended between the electrodes of the capacitor. The test masses are spheres of equal sizes but different density hence different masses. The sample mass and the capacitor are placed inside a measurement cell filled with high purity nitrogen gas. The whole apparatus is setup in an underground chamber below a large climate controlled laboratory. With the electric field on, off and reversed the weight of the masses is measured by an analytical balance. Quantitative data, such as, baseline weight and the response to the electric field will be presented. Initial analyses favor a direct correlation between the sample masses and the differential signals. Such a scaling of the signal with mass may be indicative of a gravitational signature.
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In a series of papers co-authored with fellow university physicist Douglas G. Torr, the founder of PST Associates, LLC, a US Department of Defense contractor, that were published between 1991 and 1993, Dr. Ning Li claimed a practical way to produce antigravity effects. When charged with high voltage, the electric device’s asymmetric electrodes produced an inhomogeneous electric field, and generated an antigravitational effect —
- EXCERPTS FROM PATENTS BY DOUGLAS G. TORR
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timir_Datta#Anti-gravity_work
- https://arxiv.org/ftp/physics/papers/0509/0509068.pdf
- Negative mass generated by electric charges
- http://electrogravityphysics.com/html/rotating.html
- https://quantumantigravity.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/flat-capacitor.pdf
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THE BIEFELD-BROWN EFFECT, THE ABRAHAM FORCE, AND THE FEIGEL EFFECT
The experimentally verified Abraham force acts in the low frequency conditions. The theoretically predicted Feigel effect would act in the high frequency conditions. It is easy to imagine that the hypothetical Feigel effect and its corresponding Feigel force is simply the high frequencies equivalent of the Abraham force. This would naturally resolve the long-standing Abraham-Minkowski controversy, i.e. there was no controversy, because the low frequency spectrum is covered by the Abraham force, and the high frequency spectrum is covered by the hypothetical Feigel effect and its corresponding Feigel force, which are based on the Minkowski’s energy-momentum tensor, as opposed to the Abraham’s one of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy.
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EXPERIMENTAL Quantum Antigravity 
My Engineering professors did not tell me about such things at San Jose State University in 1971 to 1973. Nicola Tesla was being researched by everyone after his death in 1943. I was in nuclear power generation not aeronautics. My uncle worked at Lockheed may have known about the “skunk works” discoveries in the 1960’s.
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